Eye Injury

Types of Eye Injuries

• Cut or Scratch of Eyelid. Small cuts heal on their own. Deep cuts or ones that go through the edge of the eyelid need sutures.
• Bruise of the Eyelids. Also called a "black eye". The swelling and bruise get worse for a few days. Then it will go away on its own over 2 -3 weeks. It's normal for the bruise to change colors as it heals.
• Subconjunctival Hemorrhage. This is a flame-shaped bruise of the white part (sclera) of the eyeball. It's bright red. It's caused by a scratch to the sclera. It's a mild injury that will go away on its own over 2 weeks.
• Corneal Abrasion. A scratch of the clear part (cornea) of the eye. The cornea is the window in front of the iris. The main symptoms are severe eye pain, tearing and constant blinking. Some children will just hold their eye closed. Caused by a scratch from a branch of a tree or bush. Can also be caused by a foreign object stuck under the upper eyelid. Most are minor and heal in 2 days. This is the most common eye injury that needs to see a doctor.
• Acute Hyphema (Serious). It means bleeding in the space between the cornea and the iris. The blood often layers out at the bottom of the cornea. It's caused by blunt trauma.
• Punctured Eyeball (Serious). It means a sharp object has completely torn the cornea or sclera. Can happen with tiny objects thrown by a lawnmower.

Vision

• The main concern is whether the vision is damaged.
• Older children can tell us if their vision is blurred or out of focus. You can test this at home. Cover each eye in turn and having them look at a distant object.
• Children less than 5 years old usually need to be examined. This is also true even if the injury seems minor. Having an exam is the only way to know the child's vision is okay.

1. Small Cuts, Scratches or Scrapes Treatment:
   • For any bleeding, put direct pressure on the wound. Use a gauze pad or clean cloth. Press for 10 minutes or until the bleeding has stopped.
   • Wash the wound with soap and water for 5 minutes. Protect the eye with a clean cloth.
   • For cuts or scrapes, use an antibiotic ointment (such as Polysporin). No prescription is needed.
     Put it on the cut 3 times a day. Do this for 3 days.
   • Cover large scrapes with a bandage (such as Band-Aid). Change daily.
2. Swelling or Bruises with Intact Skin (including a Black Eye) Treatment:
   • Put a cold pack or ice wrapped in a wet cloth on the eye. Do this for 20 minutes. This will help stop the bleeding and swelling. Repeat as needed.
   • A black eye usually takes 1 to 2 days to occur.
   • A flame-shaped bruise of the white of the eyeball is also common.
   • After 48 hours, use a warm wet cloth for 10 minutes. Do this 3 times per day. Reason: To help reabsorb the blood.
3. Pain Medicine:
   • To help with the pain, give an acetaminophen product (such as Tylenol).
   • Another choice is an ibuprofen product (such as Advil).
   • Use as needed.
4. What to Expect:
   • Minor cuts and scratches, as well as bruises, are harmless.
   • They last about 2 weeks.
   • They do not need any medicine to help them go away.
5. Call Your Doctor If:
   • Pain becomes severe
   • Changes in vision
   • You think your child needs to be seen
   • Your child becomes worse